The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.